A Brief Note On Post Traumatic Stress Disorder - 1677 Words

Mariela Rangel Prof. L. Poulton English 1301 P50 8 December 2015 PTSD Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder is a mental health condition caused by experiencing or seeing a terrifying event. It has been known to affect mostly war veterans but has also affected people who are not veterans. Rape victims and people who have suffered severe abuse have also been diagnosed with PTSD. In most cases, veterans have a higher percentage than others. David J. Morris, a Marines veteran, and the author of The Evil Hours, states that over the past four decades, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder has permeated every corner of our culture. Morris states a species of pain that that went unnamed for most of human history, PTSD is now the fourth most common psychiatric†¦show more content†¦She adds that with PTSD, changes that are part of the â€Å"flight of fight† response can persist long after the danger has passed (Hansel 3). Morris states that PTSD is often thought of as being a syndrome of remembering things too well. He adds that â€Å"the ones who ‘forget,’ they suffer later† (Morris 35). Victor Monjaraz, a former Marine, says that he felt he could handle PTSD on his own, but his emotions did not allow him to. His wife had to convince him to visit a psychologist at the VA and see what the doctor had to say. Monjaraz already felt that he had PTSD before the visit. He was diagnosed with anxiety, depression, and PTSD. Monjaraz experienced night terrors and road rage. He was easily irritated and could not be in crowded spaces. The disease also took a toll on his marriage and says, â€Å"The Marines taught me to turn off my emotions but didn’t teach me how to turn them back on† (Monjaraz). Morris states that the worst things in the world enter the brain in an instant, though it may take the rest of someone’s life to understand what they saw (Morris 45). Monjaraz says that he saw brutal things and did not get affected by it until the night time came around. He cried in his sleep, made groaning noises, mumbled things and had night sweats (Monjaraz). Morris states that fundamentally, we do not know why some people are damaged by terror and some are not. He adds that according to the Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry, the

The Cask Of Amontillado, By Edgar Allan Poe - 859 Words

Edgar Allan Poe had written several short stories such as â€Å"William Wilson,† â€Å"The Fall of the House and Usher,† â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado,† and couple poems such as â€Å"The Raven.† There is always something different about Poe’s writing. Most of the classical murders make a person ask â€Å"who did the murder?† but his writing â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† makes us ask the question â€Å"why did the murder occur?† (Baraban). Every word he writes in his work has a purpose to it (Baraban) and he often does not depend on dialogue (Benton). His writings are full of literary devices such as ironies, foreshadowing, and setting and they are shown in one of his famous tales â€Å"The cask of Amontillado.† A protagonist character in â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado,† Montresor, wants to take revenge for the â€Å"thousand injuries of Fortunato† (Poe 183). Montresor, the narrator, fails his murder of Fortunato. He tells the reader that â€Å"it is equally unredressed when the avenger fails to make himself felt as such to him who has done the wrong† (Poe 183). Montresor shows Fortunato who killed him and how he was killed, but Fortunato still does not comprehend why he was killed by Montresor (Clendenning). He wanted to kill Fortunato and not get caught for his crime either; however, he gets caught up in his mind and confesses on his deathbed after fifty years of the committed murder. G.R. Thompson points out that Montresor, rather than having successfully taken his revenge with impunity ... has instead suffered aShow MoreRelatedThe Cask of Amontillado by Edgar Allan Poe888 Words   |  4 PagesThe Cask of Amontillado by Edgar Allan Poe In ?The Cask of Amontillado?, Edgar Allan Poe takes us on a trip into the mind of a mad man. Poe uses certain elements to convey an emotional impact. He utilizes irony, descriptive detail of setting, and dark character traits to create the search of sinful deceit. Poe also uses first person, where the narrator is the protagonist who is deeply involved. The purpose is to get the reader to no longer be the observer. He wants them to see with MontressorRead MoreThe Cask of Amontillado by Edgar Allan Poe836 Words   |  3 Pagesqualities in the story. In the story many things are used as symbols such as the actual cask of amontillado, the trowel, the jester costume and the setting in which there is two in the story. Another literary technique used significantly in the story is irony. Irony is the expression of ones meaning by using language that normally signifies the opposite. In the short story â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado,† Montresor a very troubled man who plans to seek revenge on another man named FortunatoRead MoreEdgar Allan Poe And The Cask Of Amontillado1384 Words   |  6 PagesWhat makes Edgar Allan Poe work unique? Other than being a strange individual, Poe has become a remarkable literature writer. The Raven, Annabel Lee, and The Cask of Amontillado are just a few of Poe’s work that staples the theme of gothic literature. This essay will allow you to see the gothic elements Edgar Allan Poe uses through his most common poems. Gothic literature has many elements which play into its definition. The actual definition is a style of writing that is characterized by elementsRead MoreThe Cask Of Amontillado By Edgar Allan Poe906 Words   |  4 Pages â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† was written in 1846, by Edgar Allan Poe. Born in 1809, Poe never knew any of his parents. At the age of three, his mother died of tuberculosis, and his father deserted the family before he was born. Taking care of him was his foster parents in Richmond, Virginia. They loved Poe, but were not supportive of his decisions and kept Poe poor. Having debt and not being able to provide food and clothes for himself caused Poe to quit school. Later, heRead MoreThe Cask Of Amontillado By Edgar Allan Poe920 Words   |  4 Pageswhen that trust no longer exists? In â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† written by Edgar Allan Poe, Fortunato is about to find the answer to this question. On the surface, Montresor seems friendly with Fortunato, but deep down he feels nothing but hate for him. Could this hatred have an irrationality that only Montresor understands? In different ways, both of these men are proud and affluent, yet both have downfalls that will l ead to a tragic ending. Edgar Allan Poe’s use of language contributes to the understandingRead MoreThe Cask Of Amontillado By Edgar Allan Poe1555 Words   |  7 PagesIn his writing, Edgar Allan Poe has multiple uses of direct and indirect characterization. In The Cask of Amontillado, Montresor had rules such as â€Å"I must not only punish but punish with impunity. A wrong is unredressed when retribution overtakes its redresser. It is equally unredressed when the avenger fails to make himself felt as such to him who has done the wrong† (Poe, 2). Poe used indirect characterization to show the reader that Montresor is an unreliable narrator because he justified hisRead MoreThe Cask Of Amontillado By Edgar Allan Poe1303 Words   |  6 PagesIn Edgar Allan Poe’s â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado,† the narrator recalls an extremely significant time in his life, and takes the reader along with him. Throughout the story, one experiences a perfectly planned murder which took place over fifty years ago, and still no one has discovered what truly happened to poor Fortunato as he was chained to a wall in a room that was then closed off, and torched to death due to all the nitre in the walls. As the story goes on, the reader can see some of Poe’s unfortunateRead MoreThe Cask Of Amontillado By Edgar Allan Poe1076 Words   |  5 PagesThe short story, The Cask of Amontillado, written by Edgar Allan Poe is a story of terror and betrayal. Like many of Poe’s literary works, the story has a dark undertone with a theme of terror and depression. More than half a century ago, Marshall McLuhan argued that though Poe was fascinated by evil, the evil that he had in mind was not that of Calvinism, but that of the split man and the split civilization. In general, McLuhan was right, but in this instance Calvinism, and its God, provided a darkRead MoreThe Cask Of Amontillado By Edgar Allan Poe707 Words   |  3 PagesIn the short story of The Ca sk of Amontillado, Edgar Allan Poe writes in first person point of view from the perspective of Montresor who seeks revenge against Fortunato. Montresor began to develop the perfect plan for revenge. During the carnival season, Montresor meets with Fortunato and decides to implement his plan carefully through irony. Poe s story describes the murderer s mind which has lived as a memory of Fortunato s death for fifty years. Poe uses different types of irony and symbolismRead MoreThe Cask Of Amontillado By Edgar Allan Poe985 Words   |  4 PagesEdgar Allen Poe is a well known author of short stories and poetry from the 19th century. He is known especially for his stories of horror and suspense. The Cask of Amontillado is one of his more famous pieces. The story follows the narrator, Montresor, as he exacts revenge on Fortunato. Montressor draws Fortunato into the wine cellar where eventually he chains Fortunato to the wall and encloses him inside it. Throughout the story the narrator continually proves that he is not the most reliable source

Plant Biotechnology Free Essays

Define plant biotechnology. Using examples discuss how it is different from traditional / conventional methods plant breeding. Plant biotechnology has been defined as the integrated use of biochemistry, microbiology and engineering sciences in-order to achieve technological application of micro-organisms and cultured tissue cells in the transfer of genetic traits from one crop species to another to obtain transgenic plants that are of beneficial use to human kind (Lawrence . We will write a custom essay sample on Plant Biotechnology or any similar topic only for you Order Now W; 1968). Heldt H and Heldt F (2005) defines plant biotechnology as the art and science to produce a genetically modified plant by removing genetic information from an organism, manipulating it in a laboratory and then transferring it into a plant to change certain of its characteristics. . Plant breeding is the science and art of improving crop plants through the study and application of genetics, agronomy, statistics, plant pathology, entomology, and related sciences (Kuckuck et al; 1991). Increased crop yield is the primary aim of most plant-breeding programs; advantages of the hybrids and new varieties developed include adaptation to new agricultural areas, greater resistance to disease and insects, greater yield of useful parts, better nutritional content of edible parts, and greater physiological efficiency. Humans have been improving crops for yield and other characteristics since the advent of agriculture. Plant biotechnology involves processes such as genetic engineering which involves the direct addition of foreign gene/genes to the genome of an organism. It is a type of genetic modification. Traditional plant breeding also modifies the genetic composition of plants. It involves techniques such as crossing and selection of new superior genotype combinations. Firstly traditional methods tend to breed plants that can sexually mate with each other. This limits the new traits that can be added to those that already exist in that species. Secondly when plants are crossed, many traits are transformed along with the trait of interest. Whereas genetic engineering, on the other hand, is not bound by these limitations. It involves the removal of a specific fragment of DNA from one plant or organism and transferring the genes for one of a few traits into another. No crossing is required hence the sexual barrier between species is overcome. It is more specific in that a single trait can be added to a plant (Bajaj . Y; 2001). According to Rost . T. I et al (2006), another difference between traditional plant breeding and plant biotechnology is the number of genes transferred to the offspring in each case. Plants contain approximately 80 000 genes which recombine during sexual hybridization. The offspring may therefore inherit around 1000 new genes as a result of this recombination. This is equivalent to a 0. 0125 % change in the genome. By contrast when a specific gene is transferred into a plant, there is a 0. 0025% change in the genetic information of the plant, it is argued that plant biotechnology provides a more precise approach to crop improvements than sexual hybridization. Plant biotechnology through genetic engineering can cause harmful toxins to be produced by transformed plants, though it is still unclear whether it is due to the technique itself on the nature of the foreign gene. The introduction of a gene that it is known to encode a toxin in one organism will induce a similar effect when introduced into a different organism (Raven P. H et al; 1992). There has been a case where a transgenic soybean containing a gene from Brazil nuts elicited an allergic reaction in some people. The gene from Brazil nuts had been well characterized and its product known to cause an allergy, hence extensive laboratory tests. This illustrates why rigorous characterization of a gene is required before permitting its introduction into a novel species. However there is also the potential of toxic product being produced as a result of conventional methods of crop improvements. For example, in sweet potatoes where vegetative propagation is done, potato varieties with increased pest resistance have continually been selected as giving a higher crop variety. Those varieties contain high levels of natural pesticides, called glucoalkaloids. However these compounds are toxic to animals, so could have harmful effects when eaten. This demonstrates that the nature of the novel feature should be open to debate rather than the method by which it is introduced (Lawrence . W; 1968). The traditional methods of crop improvements are limited by the sexual compatibility of the plants involved; whereas with plant biotechnology through genetic engineering any characteristic from any organism of any species can be introduced into a plant. Plant breeders therefore have access to a much wider gene pool than they have using traditional crossing methods to develop a new variety. For example a rice gene responsible for defense against a disease causing fungus can be transferred to a banana susceptible to that disease. The intent is to protect the genetically modified banana from that disease and thereby reduce yield loss and number of fungicide applications. Another example is that genes introduced into plants to provide a resistance to the herbicide Round Up was isolated from bacteria. An insecticidal toxin used as a crop spray was also extracted from bacteria. Genetically modified maize is been grown which expresses this type of proteins. One major difference between traditional plant breeding and plant biotechnology; genetic engineering/ modification is that, while extensive restrictions are in place to limit the development and release of genetically modified varieties, those developed by sexual hybridization and mutagenesis are under no restrictions (Raven P. H et al; 1992). A major concern surrounding the cultivation of genetically modified crops is the possibility of cross pollination between transgenic and related crops. While this is clearly possible for some species, but not all crop species have native wild relatives with which they are sexually compatible meaning that the possibility of the production of â€Å"super weeds† is not possible. Plants such as carrots are allowed only to flower for seed production meaning that cross-pollination during normal commercial cultivation is unlikely. In plant biotechnology plants can be grown in artificial medium requiring less land mass to produce large amounts of crops in less time. Although it seems like a great alternative to the earlier methods, it can also be devastating. By growing plants at a faster rate there is a possibility of losing the essential vitamins and nutrients that are important for us. Transgenic plants are still a relatively new field and no concrete evidence for any of this existing but it is growing concern (Bajaj . Y; 2001). Heldt . H and Heldt . F (2005) says, the techniques of traditional breeding are very time-consuming. By making crosses, also a large number of undesired genes are introduced into the genome of the plant. The undesired genes have to be â€Å"sorted out† by back-crossing. Using plant biotechnology which involves the use of Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism it greatly facilitates/substitutes conventional plant breeding, because one can progress through a breeding program much faster, with smaller populations and without relying entirely on testing for the desired phenotype. RFLP makes use of restriction endonucleases enzymes which recognize and cut specific nucleotide sequence in DNA. The cut fragments are separated according to size by gel electrophoresis and made visible by hybridizing the plant DNA fragments with labeled DNA probes. The closer two organisms are related, the more pattern of bands overlap. With conventional breeding, the pool of available genes and the traits they code for is limited due to sexual incompatibility to other lines of the crop in question and to their wild relatives. This restriction can be overcome by using the methods of genetic engineering, which in principle allow introducing valuable traits coded for by specific genes of any organism (other plants, bacteria, fungi, animals, viruses) into the genome of any plant. According to Rost . T. I et al (1992), transgenes are inserted into the nuclear genome of a plant cell. Recently it has become possible to introduce genes into the genome of chloroplasts and plastids. Transgenic plants have been generated using methods such as agrobacterium-mediated DNA transfer, direct DNA transfer, particle bombardment and electroporation. References 1. Bajaj . Y. (2001). Transgenic Crops. Berlin. Springer. 2. Heldt . H and Heldt . F. (2005). Plant Biochemistry. 3rd edition. California. Elsevier. 3. Kuckuck . H; Kobabe G. and Wenzel G. (1991). Fundamentals of plant breeding. New York. Springer-Verlag. 4. Lawrence . W. (1968). Plant breeding. London. Edward Arnold Publishers Ltd. 5. Raven P. H, Evert . R. F and Eichron . S. E. (1992). Biology of Plants. 5th edition. New York. Van Hoffman Press Inc. 6. Rost . T. l. , Barbour . M. G. , Stocking . R. C. and Murphy . T. M. (2006). Plant Biology. 2nd edition. California. Thomson Brooks/Cole. CHINHOYI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY NAME: Tanyaradzwa R Ngara REG NUMBER: C1110934J COURSE:Plant Biotechnology COURSE CODE: CUBT 207 PROGRAM:BSBIO Assignment: Define plant biotechnology. Using examples discuss how it is different from traditional / conventional methods plant breeding [25marks]. How to cite Plant Biotechnology, Papers

Controlling Strategy Management - Accounting - and Performance Measurem

Questions: 1. Growth + Competitiveness 1a) Since its launch Game Truck has been able to establish itself and grow successfully. Identify and explain three factors that you believe have been critical to itmaintaining its competitiveness? 1b) Game Truck has selected franchising as a growth strategy. Identify and critically analyse four possible benefits for the franchisor that are presented by this strategy? 1c) Game Truck faces a number of challenges as it expands internationally. Identify three such challenges and, in each case, outline a strategy that could be used as a response to the challenge? 2. Marketing 2a) You have been given the task of designing a marketing strategy for Game Truck. Outline and explain three aspects of Game Truck's service that you would select and promote in your marketing strategy and explain the reasons for your choices?2b) Social media presents many opportunities for small businesses that wish to find an economical way of promoting their service? Outline and explain three ways in which social media could be used to promote Game Truck? 3. Small Business Teams 3a) According to the information contained in the case study what skills and experience did the founder of Game Truck have prior to starting the business?3b) Game Truck has undertaken a period of growth. Outline and explain what new skills were needed by the firm as they undertook this growth? 3c) What skills would a franchisee need in order to open up and operate a Game Truck franchise successfully? Answers: 1: a. As referred to in the case scenario, the organization Game Truck has successfully established itself in the market. Factors that have been largely responsible for the increased success of the organization and its effectiveness are that of its objective to create physical mobile space for letting people enjoy the best video gaming experience in the most effortless and fun environment. The firm headed by Scott Novis aims at promoting the very philosophy of improving on the interrelationship between children and their parents by means of multiplayer games. Moreover, Game Truck ensures that the gaming experience must include physical activities, act as techniques used by parents to determine limits and inculcate interest among children to indulge in computer programming, mathematics and graphic design. This organization has put on greater efforts to improve on its product utilities in order to serve strengthening of mutual family relations with kids (Baxter, 2006). Game Truck ensur es that the gaming experience must include physical activities, act as techniques used by parents to determine limits and inculcate interest among children to indulge in computer programming, mathematics and graphic design. b. With reference to the case scenario, the organization has adopted the expansion strategy of franchising. This approach is largely popular and can benefit the organization by enhancing its brand recognition. This would attract more customers from all across the globe. The parent Company of Game Truck would provide support all its franchise locations. The campaigns related to marketing and advertising of Game Truck would allow it to focus on each of the operations in an independent manner. In this process, the sales and revenues of both the parties would be enhanced with increased profitability. Franchising would also impart increased brand awareness and recognition among people globally. Every franchisee outlet benefits from the overall benefit of the parent company. c. The continuous and effective progress of the organization give rise to the possibilities of market challenges. The constant and ever changing needs of the market environment give rise to the need to focus on availability of other markets apart from the kids party market. Many may consider this industry of gaming to be recession-proof but in fact the aspect of economic downturn may lead affect operations of these companies. Such experience is expensive and so may be ignored during recession (Cndido and Santos, 2015). Whenever the company is faced with challenges, it needs to stay prepared with all possible strategies to reduce overall operation costs. When the price of products is lower than the competitors along with quality consistency, the firm would enjoy competitive advantage and no challenge can affect its operations. It is essential that the organization adopt key strategies to combat the challenges. 2: a. As referred to in the case, the organization Game Truck is considered to be one of the leaders in the video game industry. It aims at creating mobile arcade including video games, big screens and game consoles. This allows several players to play at a time. Any suitable market strategy of an organization would enable it to focus on the key elements of market such as product, price, promotion, place and physical evidence. The product is of high quality and so it needs to focus on the marketing aspects so that the products reach out to the global customers easily. It must ensure that suitable marketing and advertising approaches are used to reach out to the maximum number of potential customers (Denning, 2010). The advertising must stress on the fact that it may be carried and used at any location. The mobile theatre is self-sufficient and allows several players at a time to participate in the gaming experience. There must be strategy to attract customers with its feature that th is product do not isolate children from socializing but rather strengthens the relationship between parents and children. b. Use of social media has been a very common aspect in the present business environment as this is highly effective in making any organization and its business popular amidst the common mass. Game Truck may use social media to communicate to the society and share information about itself to the customers and all related stakeholders. The sites of social media would not only lead organizations to market themselves but it would encourage the customers as well as to contribute own ideas and contents. The three most popular social media websites that Game Truck may adopt are Facebook, twitter and YouTube. All the three social networking websites are immensely helpful since any sort of information about the company and related stakeholders can be easily shared at the websites and these directly inform customers about the organizational functions and effectiveness (Giapponi, 2014). These websites are also user-friendly and have the potential to make any organization recognized in the shor test period of time. 3: a. Scott Novis is the founder of the organization Game Truck. His personal experiences have led him to establish Game Truck. He has gained tremendous experience of nearly about a decade by working with various companies. He had been the Vice President for Development for Rainbow Studios that is one of the leading video game development studio in the South-Western United States (Liu and Chen, 2015). He had a vision that was unbeatable where he aimed at creating a physical mobile space to allow people play the best video games upon the latest consoles. He himself realized that it is the common aspect that parents remain highly worried that playing video games often makes their children isolated from the rest of the society and that also disturbs their relationship with their children. This was well understood by Novis and so he aimed at creating gaming experience that would mitigate such issues considerably. b. For conducting business most effectively and bring about increased growth and development, the organization Game Truck requires some key attributes. These include increasing own capacity, attracting more customers, upgrading current customer, adding more options, and increasing overall organizational morale. The issue of capacity may be leadership capacity to be enhanced. Increasing capacity not only includes overall productivity of the organization but to increase system capacity, technological capacity, employee capacity, training capacity, resource capacity, etc. The organization needs to focus on the acquired skills to attract more and more customers. This calls for framing of effective strategies with respect to marketing and advertising (Meisel, 2013). Also, the organization needs to focus on the corporate governance, internal and external environment, and internal policies to enhance the overall morale of the organizational. The organization must also focus on the need to c ontinuously improve upon the product features and functions in order to hold on to the market for extended time. The product is of high quality and so it needs to focus on the marketing aspects so that the products reach out to the global customers easily. It must ensure that suitable marketing and advertising approaches are used to reach out to the maximum number of potential customers. A franchi c. see may adopt several strategies to operate successfully and productively. Firstly, it must relate to risk aversion. It must be willing to take considerable risk in a controlled manner. Any firm that initiates newly include risk factors but a potential franchise adopts proven track of record of success to minimize risk. The system needs to be oriented in a way that would tell them the most effective manner of associating with organizational business (Niemczyk, 2011). The organization needs to have hard-working motive. The organization needs to possess effective interpersonal skills to ensure effective interaction amidst employees, clients and staffs. The above mentioned skills are important as the organization would then achieve competitive advantage to achieve increased effectiveness. Game Truck ensures that the gaming experience must include physical activities, act as techniques used by parents to determine limits and inculcate interest among children to indulge in computer pro gramming, mathematics and graphic design (Poposki, 2011). Franchising would also impart increased brand awareness and recognition among people globally. Every franchisee outlet benefits from the overall benefit of the parent company. The organization needs to have hard-working motive. The organization needs to possess effective interpersonal skills to ensure effective interaction amidst employees, clients and staffs. These skills would be essential for creating value, loyalty and trust. The organization Game Truck makes incredible effort to keep its products very basic and focus more on the issue of strengthening the relationship between parents and their children. References Baxter, J. (2006). Book Review: Controlling Strategy: Management, Accounting, and Performance Measurement.Organization Studies, 27(6), pp.902-906. Cndido, C. and Santos, S. (2015). Strategy implementation: What is the failure rate?.Journal of Management Organization, 21(02), pp.237-262. Denning, S. (2010). Rethinking the organization: leadership for gameà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ changing innovation.Strategy Leadership, 38(5), pp.13-19. Giapponi, C. (2014). Experiential Exercises for Courses From Introduction to Business Through Business Strategy.Organization Management Journal, 11(4), pp.227-227. Liu, T. and Chen, Y. (2015). Strategy orientation, product innovativeness, and new product performance.Journal of Management Organization, 21(01), pp.2-16. Meisel, S. (2013). Corporate Sustainability as the Cornerstone of the Capstone Course in Strategy.Organization Management Journal, 10(4), pp.254-254. Niemczyk, J. (2011). A Strategy as an Innovation - A New Strategy Concept.Organization and Management, 2011(5 (148). Poposki, E. (2011). The Blame Game: Exploring the Nature and Correlates of Attributions Following Work-Family Conflict.Group Organization Management, 36(4), pp.499-525.